Aby elektronick\u00e9 zariadenia fungovali spr\u00e1vne a v ka\u017edej situ\u00e1cii vykonali spr\u00e1vny pr\u00edkaz, potrebuj\u00fa riadiaci syst\u00e9m. Klasick\u00e9 zapojenie k\u00e1blov a sp\u00edna\u010dov, riadenie s programovan\u00fdm pripojen\u00edm (VPS), sa \u010doraz viac nahr\u00e1dza programovate\u013en\u00fdm logick\u00fdm riadiacim syst\u00e9mom (PLC). Namiesto fyzick\u00fdch spojen\u00ed medzi sp\u00edna\u010dmi sa procesy programuj\u00fa digit\u00e1lne. V\u010faka tomu je nielen \u013eah\u0161\u00ed, ale aj podstatne univerz\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed a r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie sa modifikuje.<\/p>\n
PLC je v podstate robustn\u00fd procesn\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, priemyseln\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d ur\u010den\u00fd na nepretr\u017eit\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku. Sklad\u00e1 sa z opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (firmv\u00e9ru), vstupov a v\u00fdstupov sign\u00e1lov a rozhrania. To umo\u017e\u0148uje komunik\u00e1ciu s u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdm programom, definuje fyzick\u00e9 charakteristiky d\u00e1tov\u00fdch liniek a takpovediac preklad\u00e1 medzi u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom a riadiacou jednotkou.<\/p>\n
V z\u00e1vislosti od aplik\u00e1cie existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne rozhrania. L\u00ed\u0161ia sa prenosovou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou a vzdialenos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n
EIA-232, zn\u00e1me aj ako RS 232, je s\u00e9riov\u00e9 rozhranie, ktor\u00e9 sa be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvalo v oblasti po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov. Je vhodn\u00e9 na n\u00edzke prenosov\u00e9 r\u00fdchlosti na kr\u00e1tke vzdialenosti do nieko\u013ek\u00fdch metrov. Spo\u010diatku sa sign\u00e1ly pren\u00e1\u0161ali prostredn\u00edctvom 25-pinov\u00fdch konektorov, nesk\u00f4r prostredn\u00edctvom 9-pinov\u00fdch konektorov, ktor\u00e9 sa e\u0161te pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvali aj v sektore po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov. Bin\u00e1rne sign\u00e1ly (0 a 1) sa popisuj\u00fa pomocou r\u00f4znych nap\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch stavov. Normy definuje americk\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA), ktor\u00e1 predt\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvala term\u00edn Recommended Standard (RS).<\/p>\n
EIA-485, zn\u00e1me aj ako RS 485, je s\u00e9riov\u00e9 rozhranie na n\u00edzkon\u00e1kladov\u00fa d\u00e1tov\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu s vysok\u00fdmi prenosov\u00fdmi r\u00fdchlos\u0165ami v rozsahu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch megabitov za sekundu, niekedy dokonca gigabitov za sekundu. Ke\u010f\u017ee EIA-485 pou\u017e\u00edva dvojicu vodi\u010dov namiesto jedn\u00e9ho vodi\u010da, je menej n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na ru\u0161enie a je vhodn\u00e9 aj na dlh\u0161ie prenosov\u00e9 cesty. Na rozdiel od in\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed, ako je RS 232, nie je definovan\u00e9 priradenie pinov a protokol a m\u00f4\u017ee sa l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 v z\u00e1vislosti od aplik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n
EtherCAT (Ethernet pre riadiacu automatiza\u010dn\u00fa techniku) je roz\u0161\u00edren\u00edm lok\u00e1lnej siete Ethernet. Umo\u017e\u0148uje s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu viacer\u00fdch d\u00e1tov\u00fdch stan\u00edc, napr\u00edklad po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov alebo in\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. Vzh\u013eadom na svoj funk\u010dn\u00fd princ\u00edp podlieha sie\u0165 Ethernet ur\u010dit\u00fdm obmedzeniam pre aplik\u00e1cie v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase. V klasickej sieti Ethernet sa d\u00e1tov\u00e9 pakety najprv prij\u00edmaj\u00fa, interpretuj\u00fa a potom sa procesn\u00e9 \u00fadaje kop\u00edruj\u00fa. Na ur\u00fdchlenie tohto procesu vyvinula spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Beckhoff syst\u00e9m EtherCAT. Ten umo\u017e\u0148uje zariadeniam pripojen\u00fdm k sieti z\u00edskava\u0165 \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre ne ur\u010den\u00e9, v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase. Oneskorenie pri spracovan\u00ed sa tak skr\u00e1ti z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch mikrosek\u00fand (mili\u00f3ntin sekundy) na nieko\u013eko nanosek\u00fand (miliardtin sekundy).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Aby elektronick\u00e9 zariadenia fungovali spr\u00e1vne a v ka\u017edej situ\u00e1cii vykonali spr\u00e1vny pr\u00edkaz, potrebuj\u00fa riadiaci syst\u00e9m. Klasick\u00e9 zapojenie k\u00e1blov a sp\u00edna\u010dov, riadiaca jednotka s programovan\u00fdm pripojen\u00edm (VPS), sa \u010doraz viac nahr\u00e1dza programovate\u013en\u00fdm logick\u00fdm riadiacim...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":10801,"template":"","class_list":["post-10799","grundlagen-guide","type-grundlagen-guide","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptm-mechatronics.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/grundlagen-guide\/10799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptm-mechatronics.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/grundlagen-guide"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptm-mechatronics.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/grundlagen-guide"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ptm-mechatronics.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ptm-mechatronics.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10801"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptm-mechatronics.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}