Aby elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b fungovala a v ka\u017ed\u00e9 situaci provedla spr\u00e1vn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Klasick\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed kabel\u016f a sp\u00edna\u010d\u016f, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s programovateln\u00fdm p\u0159ipojen\u00edm (VPS), je st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji nahrazov\u00e1no programovateln\u00fdm automatem (PLC). Nam\u00edsto fyzick\u00fdch propojen\u00ed mezi sp\u00edna\u010di jsou procesy digit\u00e1ln\u011b naprogramov\u00e1ny. D\u00edky tomu je nejen leh\u010d\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b univerz\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a rychleji modifikovateln\u00fd.<\/p>\n
PLC je v podstat\u011b robustn\u00ed procesn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d ur\u010den\u00fd pro nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd provoz. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (firmwaru), sign\u00e1lov\u00fdch vstup\u016f a v\u00fdstup\u016f a rozhran\u00ed. To umo\u017e\u0148uje komunikaci s u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm programem, definuje fyzick\u00e9 vlastnosti datov\u00fdch linek a tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 mezi u\u017eivatelem a \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotkou.<\/p>\n
V z\u00e1vislosti na aplikaci existuje \u0159ada r\u016fzn\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed. Li\u0161\u00ed se p\u0159enosovou rychlost\u00ed a vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed.<\/p>\n
EIA-232, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako RS 232, je s\u00e9riov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo d\u0159\u00edve b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v oblasti po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f. Je vhodn\u00e9 pro n\u00edzk\u00e9 p\u0159enosov\u00e9 rychlosti na kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti do n\u011bkolika metr\u016f. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se sign\u00e1ly p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ely prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm 25kol\u00edkov\u00fdch konektor\u016f, pozd\u011bji prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm 9kol\u00edkov\u00fdch konektor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaly i v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9m sektoru. Bin\u00e1rn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly (0 a 1) se popisuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch stav\u016f. Standardy definuje americk\u00e1 organizace Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA), kter\u00e1 d\u0159\u00edve pou\u017e\u00edvala term\u00edn Recommended Standard (RS).<\/p>\n
EIA-485, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako RS 485, je s\u00e9riov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed pro levnou datovou komunikaci s vysok\u00fdmi p\u0159enosov\u00fdmi rychlostmi v rozsahu n\u011bkolika megabit\u016f za sekundu, n\u011bkdy i gigabit\u016f za sekundu. Proto\u017ee rozhran\u00ed EIA-485 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dvojici vodi\u010d\u016f nam\u00edsto jedin\u00e9ho, je m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k ru\u0161en\u00ed a je vhodn\u00e9 i pro del\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enosov\u00e9 cesty. Na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed, jako je RS 232, nen\u00ed p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed pin\u016f a protokol definov\u00e1no a m\u016f\u017ee se li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na aplikaci.<\/p>\n
EtherCAT (Ethernet pro \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed automatiza\u010dn\u00ed techniku) je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm m\u00edstn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b Ethernet. Umo\u017e\u0148uje sou\u010dasnou komunikaci n\u011bkolika datov\u00fdch stanic, nap\u0159\u00edklad po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f nebo jin\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Vzhledem ke sv\u00e9mu funk\u010dn\u00edmu principu podl\u00e9h\u00e1 Ethernet ur\u010dit\u00fdm omezen\u00edm pro aplikace v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. V klasick\u00e9m Ethernetu jsou datov\u00e9 pakety nejprve p\u0159ijaty, interpretov\u00e1ny a pot\u00e9 jsou procesn\u00ed data zkop\u00edrov\u00e1na. Pro urychlen\u00ed tohoto procesu vyvinula spole\u010dnost Beckhoff syst\u00e9m EtherCAT. Ten umo\u017e\u0148uje za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm p\u0159ipojen\u00fdm k s\u00edti z\u00edsk\u00e1vat data, kter\u00e1 jsou pro n\u011b ur\u010dena, v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. Zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed se tak zkracuje z n\u011bkolika mikrosekund (miliontin sekundy) na n\u011bkolik nanosekund (miliardtin sekundy).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Aby elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b fungovala a v ka\u017ed\u00e9 situaci provedla spr\u00e1vn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Klasick\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed kabel\u016f a sp\u00edna\u010d\u016f, \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka s programovateln\u00fdm p\u0159ipojen\u00edm (VPS), je st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji nahrazov\u00e1na programovateln\u00fdm logick\u00fdm...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":10801,"template":"","class_list":["post-10799","grundlagen-guide","type-grundlagen-guide","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptm-mechatronics.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/grundlagen-guide\/10799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptm-mechatronics.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/grundlagen-guide"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptm-mechatronics.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/grundlagen-guide"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ptm-mechatronics.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ptm-mechatronics.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10801"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptm-mechatronics.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}